Starburst Galaxies and Biblical Cosmic History
A
starburst galaxy contains vast numbers of hot clusters,
which is why astronomers say they are
rapidly giving birth to stars. Astronomers assume that stars are born
when gas gravitationally
accretes. Yet starburst galaxies do not have great clouds of gas, which
are prominent in the arms
of mature galaxies. Astronomers often explain starburst history using
invisible black holes.
Here is a picture taken with ESO's Very Large Telescope of NGC 1313.
NGC 1313 is a starburst,
barred spiral with many hot, star clusters at the ends of the short
arms. NGC 1313 also contains
extremely bright Ultra Luminal X-ray sources (ULX) far from the
galactic core. Observations
show that some of the X-ray sources vary in brightness. By contrast, a
historical super nova in the
galaxy glows steadily in X-rays. Telescopes detect an optical emission
that seems to coincide
with ULX number X-2. The emissions vary rapidly, sometimes within the
same observing night.
This suggests that the light came from a compact object.
Did NGC 1313 originate according to
scientific theories or was it
created biblically?
Science has a historical first principle that originated in the mind of
a Greek philosopher.
Because medieval scholars taught this idea for centuries, it became
firmly established as the
foundational assumption for western science. The Bible predicted this
idea: in the last days
mockers will come saying all things remain the same. Scientific
definitions, measuring units,
methods and mathematics depend on that one assumption - that the
properties of matter are fixed,
not emerging. Peter predicted that the end-time mockers would use this
idea to obfuscate
(lanthano) the age of the starry heavens (ouranoi esan ekpalai).
Just as predicted, scientific cosmic
history presumes that once atoms
form, their essence does not
change. Yet we directly observe the ancient universe. Not a single one
of the billions of
primordial galaxies shines with the frequencies of local atoms.
Since
this is not scientific,
invisible matter allegedly far exceeds the natural kind. Various
properties of vacuums make up
most of the rest of the scientific universe, stretching light and
moving galaxies. Indeed,
astronomers explain the hot stars, ULXs and lack of gas clouds in NGC
1313 with invisible black
holes.
Visible cosmic history verifies
biblical physics. The Bible plainly
states that the creation is
enslaved to change (e ktisis eleutherothesetai apo tes douleias tes
phthoras). We verify this with
the only history that is visible, galactic history. God finished the
heavens and earth first, yet what
He created was dark and without form. Then Elohim's wind (spirit)
dithered over the surface
(paniym) of the transitory thing (mayim). Elohim continued to command
light (owr) to
continually be. It was then that light began to give form to matter.
The stars did not begin until
the fourth creation day. God continued to place the Sun, Moon and stars
in the shamayim raqiya -
the spread out heavens. In Isaiah He calls the stars to come out and He
spreads out the heavens
like a tent, both in unbroken continuity.
We see back to the formation of the universe with telescopes.
Primordial galaxies were tiny,
naked globs. At closer ranges we observe many primordial starburst
galaxies, blue globs spread
out in chains from galactic cores. When we observe the visible
continuum of galactic history, we
observe billions of galaxies growing as the properties of all matter
keep on changing relationally.
Relational changes cannot be measured locally, since they affect
everything, even the definitions
and the measuring units. However, relational changes are visible both
in the history of the
cosmos and in local effects. For example, the continents only fit
together on a tiny globe and a
global expansion seam has gradually formed two thirds of the Earth's
underseas crust.
NGC 1313 is one of hundreds of
billions of galaxies that are part of
the visible continuum of
biblical cosmic history. Billions of galaxies grew from tiny globs of
primordial matter into huge
growth spirals as matter kept on changing its properties and stars kept
on forming and spreading
out like a tent. A Bible scholar might insist, Genesis says on
the
seventh day Elohim finished the
heavens and the earth. The verb for finish is piel imperfect an
intensive action that is incomplete.
The heavens and earth continue to change (Greek phthora), even as He
holds all things together.
The scholar might insist that the Bible presents us with a six thousand
year universe. When we
examine the universe's history, we see that it is both old in age and
young in orbits. How could
that be? We see that atomic clocks in billions of spiral galaxies keep
on accelerating concurrently
with the outward accelerating star streams. Even when we send
calibrated clocks out of the solar
system, the clocks from the past, relative to those in the present, are
doing what clocks (atomic
and inertial) continually do in billions of galaxies (Pioneer Anomaly).
Generations of
astronomers have continued to measure a steadily decreasing solar
parallax. The Bible scholar
might counter, the Bible lists a limited number of generations during
which galaxies could not
form. The early generations grew great thick brows as though they lived
for geological ages, just
like Job so clearly explains.
Biblical physics is incompatible with
western science, because every
atom in the history of the universe
continues changes in a relational manner. How great will be
the fall of western science
before the great power of God's word. Where will the evidence come
from? God's glory is
revealed in the shamayim raqiya - the countless billions of galaxies
that spread out since creation.
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This document is under a Creative Commons License by Victor McAllister.
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Last modified on August 15, 2010