Gravity's Effect on the Age of the Earth
Einstein thought that
gravity is the warping of
space-time. Ripples in space-time supposedly
travel at light speed. Newton's gravity is supposedly a force that acts
across empty space and
moves at infinite speed. Since the universe is immeasurably vast and
the speed of light is finite,
we observe cosmic history as it happened long ago. The simplest way to
test gravity theories is to
optically compare galaxies at different ranges. Scientific
cosmic
stories start with laws, based on
assumptions, which bias their observations. Scientists surround every
galaxy with a halo of
invisible matter so that their laws work at galactic scales. According
to their stories, there is more
invisible matter than the normal kind. Astronomers use an anti gravity
force (dark energy) to
force their laws on the larger universe. Supposedly there is even more
dark energy than invisible
matter. The scientific universe is 99%
invisible. The invisible things
were contrived to protect
their first assumption - that the properties of matter are fixed, not
emerging.
We should understand the universe with
visible evidence, interpreted
with simple biblical
principles, instead of forcing the universe to fit a blind dogma.
The
Bible states that the whole
creation is enslaved to change (phthora). God continually calls the
stars to come out. He actively
spreads out the heavens in unbroken continuity, like a tent to dwell
in. According to Genesis, He
continues to form the Sun, Moon and stars and place them in the raqiya
- the spreading heavens.
We verify these statements with the
galactic continuum. Deep views of
the universe show
galaxies at many ranges, early nebulae and later, closer galaxies. (1)
We observe that the earliest
galaxies shone at tiny fractions of the clock rates of later galaxies.
(2) The earliest galaxies are
also naked, without appendages of stars. At closer ranges, we observe
distinct globs, like beads
on a necklace, surrounding many early galaxies. (3) The globular clumps
shine with different
colors than the core of the parent galaxy. (4) In spiral galaxies, we
observe that the stars follow
each other out in lanes, accelerating continually. At many ranges, we
observe that billions of
galaxies grew into huge growth spirals. Accelerating star streams go
against all gravity theories.
What could cause galaxies to
grow outward? The radio quasar 3C175
ejects a thin column of
high speed matter. Astronomers claim that the source is an invisible
black hole whose gravity is
so strong that light cannot escape. Yet the ejecta does not even bend
from the purported gravity
until the jet begins to spread out in volume. Like 3C175, ancient
galaxies ejected pulsed streams
as if primordial matter had minimal gravity. We observe that as the
ejecta increases in volume,
changes its spectral frequency and changes its inertial properties as
galaxies spread out.
Did the changing properties of matter affect our planet? The Hebrew
Bible states that the earth
spreads out in unbroken continuity. Was the early Earth smaller than it
is today? We can see that
the continents only fit together on a tiny globe, without major oceans.
A global expansion seam
keeps on spewing out basaltic seafloor. The theory of subduction is
contradicted by the layered,
undisturbed sediments in the "subduction zones." Evidently the early
earth was tiny. Were
ancient objects also lighter? Tracks in petrified mud show that
dinosaurs sometimes ran.
Dinosaur bones are porous and bird-like. If giant dinosaurs were alive
today, their weight would
crush their porous bones. It would seem that things were much different
in the dinosaur age.
What is gravity? Scientists have never
detected gravitons, space-time or gravity waves. No theory
of gravity even explains the source for the enormous amount of work
that continually pushes our
planet into an oblong orbit. Indeed, celestial mechanics assumes that
gravity brings forth
perpetual motion without detecting a source for all this power. Modern
gravity
theories
rely on
elementary assumptions, as do the efforts to verify the hypotheses. For
example, both Newton
and Einstein assumed that clocks measure time, as do attempts to test
their theories. Scientists
define time with untested assumptions. They do not detect any time or
its properties.
When several visible phenomena
correlate, they are certainly related, even if we cannot isolate a
specific cause. The continuum of galactic history shows that matter's
spectral frequencies,
volumetric and inertial properties change as galaxies grew. Evidently
what
we
call gravity is
related to matter's orderly relational changes. Billions of galaxies,
in the continuum of cosmic
history, are violating the laws of gravity. However, they are not
violating the biblical history of
the universe, how God continually calls out the stars. Isaiah 44:24 "I,
the LORD, am the maker of
all things, Stretching out [actively in unbroken continuity] the
heavens by Myself And spreading
out [actively in unbroken continuity] the earth all alone." Indeed, we
observe dense clumps of
stars in countless primordial galaxies accelerating out. Since we
observe that galaxies continually
spread out in unbroken continuity, we confirm this statement.
How could 6,000 years of earth history
fit the vast continuum of galactic history?
Consider the speed of gravity. Gravity
is
too
weak to determine its speed in a laboratory. In 2002,
Professors Kopeikin and Fomalont observed changes in the signals from
the radio quasar
J0842+1835 when it passed close by Jupiter. The radio changes arrived
at the different antennae
of the Very Long Baseline Array at different instances. Kopeikin
claimed that he measured the
speed of gravity at approximately light speed. If gravity propagates at
finite speed, it would
affect both the duration of years and days.
Did you ever roll a hoop when
you were a child? By lightly tapping the
trailing side of a rolling
hoop with a stick, you can accelerate and steer it. Although gravity is the smallest "force,"
any
propagation delay would affect Earth's trailing hemisphere more than
the leading hemisphere.
This would cause our orbit to spiral out and also speed up our spin
rate. (See the accompanying
graphic)."Gravity's" propagation delay would affect all the
planets and moons, but the outer ones
would spiral out more radically, since they would experience a greater
angular offset. This could
explain why the planet distances increase in a progressive manner (the
Titus-Bode relation). It is
not necessary to know gravity's cause or presume that it is constant.
If "gravity" has a finite
speed, days and years would both gradually shorten.
Does evidence support the acceleration
of days and years? (1) Everyone experiences life speeding
up as we age. (2) Jacob linked this speedup to previous generations. He
said that his days and
years were shorter and worse than the days and years of his fathers.
(Genesis 47:9). (3) We find
the skulls of the old ones with thick brows as though they lived for
eons. The skull is the only
part of our skeleton that keeps growing with age. If we lived for
geological ages, our brows
would grow thick like a Neanderthal's. (Neanderthal children did not
have the thick brows). Job
listed geological markers for the length of life when dinosaurs still
roamed the world. He said
their faces doubled, shanah paniym, before they died. (4) Judges 5:20
records that stars (plural
kokabiym) fought from their courses as heavy rain fell. In Hebrew,
kokab is Mercury and kokab
nogah is Venus. The Sumerians recorded heavy rain in the mountains
during close Venus
passages. The Greeks mentioned that Venus had a coma, a vapor tail.
Venus synchronizes its
rotation at conjunctions with Earth, as though it was once tidally
affected by our planet. (5) All
societies a few millennia ago remembered the shattering of a great
planet at close range. The
Bible mentions a planet shattering four times, using similar
expressions as the Canaanites. The
solar system contains thousands of fractured planet pieces (asteroids
and comets). (6) We have
records from a few thousand years ago of people traveling extraordinary
distances in short
periods - such as Jacob, Alexander and Xenophon. (7) A sequence of
astronomers measured a
decreasing optical parallax to the planets and the Sun. Even in the
twenty first century the optical
parallax to Mars at opposition and Venus during the recent transit
showed an increased distance
to the Sun. Yet the canonical clock derived (radar) distances stay the
same. (8) The earliest
astronomical record preserves the dates of Venus' rises and sets during
the 21-year reign of
Ammizaduga. The Ammizaduga synodic cycle is close to the number of days
in Venus' modern
orbit. The number of days when Venus was invisible behind the Sun it
too long, by weeks, while
the evening and morning phases are correspondingly too short. On one
occasion Venus transited
from evening to morning in one day. This could only happen if Venus
passed at close range.
Modern astronomers measure clock-like
orbits with clocks. Are clocks linear? The only way to
test the linearity of clocks is to compare clocks from the past with
modern clocks. Forty years
ago, we sent two Pioneer spacecraft with calibrated clocks in opposite
directions out of the solar
system. The farther the radios transmitted the clock signals (from the
past), the more the signals
slowed down relative to NASA's current clocks. This fits what we
generally observe in the
universe. The fastest (normally energized) atomic clocks are local and
the farther away a galaxy,
the slower its atomic spectrum. Orbits apparently are clock-like
because both orbits and clocks
accelerate together as we observe in the history of galaxies.
The Bible mentions the olam (eon) age
of the Earth. It also preserves the genealogies of our
ancestors. The sum of all genealogies adds up to about six thousand
years. How could both be
true? If gravity has a finite speed, both the duration of Earth years
and days would continually
shorten. A single day in antiquity would have been ponderously slow.
The ancients mentioned
how the first generations lived in the days of kronos, time. They
mentioned how they slept their
lives away before new seas formed. A single winter could produce an ice
age. A single lifetime, a
few thousand years ago, could encompass geological ages. Job mentions
that the sea (west) dried
up as a marker for the length of a lifetime. He also graphically
describes giant dinosaurs. Indeed,
the Glomar Challenger drill ship discovered multiple layers of gypsum
and anhydrite sandwiched
between deep sea oozes in the Mediterranean. Apparently Job's western
sea did dry up
repeatedly, which he used as a marker for what he considered the
brevity of life. What could
cause men to live for vast eons, yet Job probably only lived a little
over two hundred years?
The smallest of all phenomena - gravity - affects both the duration of
years and days. What is
gravity? Whatever it is, it must be related to the way the properties
of matter keep changing
visibly throughout cosmic history. The most powerful evidence that the
properties of matter are
emerging is the galactic continuum, how the galaxies grew from the
insides outwards. What is
visible does not fit any modern theory of gravity. Think about it.r
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This document is under a Creative Commons License by Victor
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Last modified July 24, 2010