Underseas
Transform faults
A
transform
fault
is an earth-crack where parts of the crust slide
horizontally past each other.
Most transform faults connect offsets in the undersea spreading seam
that runs through every
ocean. We know it is a global spreading seam because it visibly spews
out lava that has hardened
into two thirds of the earth's crust. Two thirds of the earth's crust
is not a minor process.
Look at this map from NOAA that shows the mid Atlantic seam
as a jagged black line. The colors
on the map represent the relative ages of the sea floor. The youngest
seafloor is red, the next
yellow, then green, light blue and finally deep blue and violet. The
oldest ocean on Earth is the
eastern Mediterranean which at one point was the only major sea on our
planet. Oceanic basalt
contains microscopic crystals. Some of the atoms trapped in each
crystal lattice are radioactive.
Scientists measure the ratio of the daughter atoms to their radioactive
parents to estimate the
relative age - since the lava hardened.
1. At one point the Atlantic was a tiny sea along the
eastern coast of North America and north-western Africa. This ancient
sea was split down the middle by a
volcanic expansion seam, the
Mid Atlantic ridge. The ridge is a mountain chain split by a steeply
walled valley. Most
earthquakes occur under the global earth-crack, evidently as lava flows
up
into the crack.
2. The mid ocean seam is offset by long perpendicular
transform faults. The ridge system is global,
containing numerous triple junctions. The Azores-Gibraltar ridge starts
at a triple
junction in the Mid Atlantic. It then
runs through Gibraltar where the remains of a huge waterfall reveal how
the Mediterranean filled
from the Atlantic. The crack runs through the Red Sea into the Indian
Ocean where it connects
via other triple junctions to a seam that completely surrounds
Antarctica. Antarctica has pulled away from every other continent. This
can only happen if the Earth
expands.
3.Just north of the equator lies a long
transform fault, the
Romanche Fracture Zone. The Romanche
fault has young material on one side and older on the other. The
Romanche contains a deep rift
through which a strong current flows from the western to the eastern
Atlantic.
4. The long transform faults point toward the coasts
that used to be joined. They are
parallel to crust motion. They are also bent in the same direction. The
Americas
have rotated clockwise from their former positions against Europe and
Africa.
Donald F. Argus shows that the transform faults are rotated more from
the East-West direction as
they near the equator and progressively less in northern latitudes. He
also shows that the plates
today are spreading faster near the equator than at higher latitudes.
5. Thousands of shorter cracks split off from the main
transform faults. These short faults are at
oblique angles to crustal motion.
Add cold water to a half a cup of flour and mix into a thick
cream. Simmer in a saucepan, stirring
until you get a thick paste. Cool and smear it thickly onto a partially
filled balloon. Let it dry into
a thick crust. As you blow up the balloon, you will see global cracks
and transform faults.
Transform faults in the ocean are evidence that the interior
of the earth has expanded like a balloon.
This is not the only evidence. The continents only fit together on a
tiny globe, without major
seas. The alleged subduction trenches contain undisturbed, layered
sediments. How could
dense basalt (covered with wet clays) dive into the molten
interior of the earth without
leaving scraped off ocean oozes or forming scarps and volcanic vents?
The planet
has apparently grown
internally, splitting its crust like an overripe banana slits its
peeling.
What we see is evidence for biblical earth-history. Three
times the Bible states that the earth
spreads out in unbroken continuity. It even explains where this
continuous action occurs, above
the waters.
Someone might argue that the ocean floors formed millions of
years ago. The biblical
genealogies only give an earth-age of about 6,000 years. You should
always interpret the Bible
hermeneutically, not twist its words to fit scientific speculations
about time. No one during the
Old Testament age could imagine a time as some separate medium or even
linear
years. Their world view was about the degeneration of
all things, including the duration of days and years (Genesis 47:9).
The Bible is supported by the strongest evidence
possible, the visible continuum of
galactic history. In billions of galaxies, we observe that atomic
clocks accelerate concurrently as star streams also accelerate outward,
as galaxies grew. Nowhere do we
see any evidence for
immutable atoms that dither with perpetual motion. Yet scientists
contrived their
definitions, measuring units and
mathematical constants with the notion that atoms do not change
themselves as they age.
New telescopes are even now observing the creation era in
many parts of the spectrum. What they
have observed so far fits the literal words of the Bible like a glove.
However, it does not fit the
assumption from a pagan Greek upon which science was historically
constructed. The visible
evidence will someday result in the overwhelming triumph of the words
of the Bible over Western science.
The evidence for a biblical world-view is not just in the distant
heavens. The evidence that the earth
has continued to expand is simple evidence for the accuracy of the
Bible and its descriptions of matter and history.
Attribution for the map: The National Atmospheric and Oceanic
Administration. The map was drawn by Elliot Lim and Jesse Varner using
data from the National Geophysical Data Center. Data source: R.D.
Muller, M. Sdrolias, C. Gaina and W.R. Roest.
Read an essay on alleged
subduction
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This document is under a Creative Commons License by Victor McAllister.
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Last modified on August 6, 2010